Residency is usually the first real requirement
Data residency comes up in Toronto earlier and more concretely than in most markets. For healthcare, public sector and financial clients it is frequently a hard requirement rather than a preference, and provincial rules — Ontario’s health privacy legislation in particular — can be stricter than the federal baseline.
That is a design input, not a hosting detail. Where data lives determines the cloud region, which determines architecture and cost, and changing it after launch means a migration nobody budgeted for. It belongs in the first conversation.
Beyond the regulated sector, Toronto has a large mid-market running on operational software that has quietly stopped fitting — a growing services or distribution business held together by a set of spreadsheets and one long-serving Access database. Those projects are unglamorous, well-defined and among the most consistently valuable work we do.
Bilingual requirements surface more often than people outside Canada expect. Any organisation serving federal customers, or operating into Quebec, will need French at some point, and treating it as a later phase means rebuilding layouts and content models that were designed assuming one language.